Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction

A wheelchair ramp is a vital tool for helping your loved ones live independently in their home. However, if they aren't designed correctly they could be unsafe to use.

ADA regulations require that landings be level at every shift in direction to avoid compound slopes. They also need to provide a gripping surface for wheelchair users.

Design

The ramp's design must be in line with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards to ensure that wheelchairs can comfortably navigate the structure. For example, the ramp slope should not exceed a ratio of 1:12 and must have landings that are level upon any angle or 1109278.xyz shift in the ramp's surface. It must also be constructed using treated lumber, which is more durable than lumber that is not treated and can withstand the effects of rain better.

The ramp's top and bottom must be free of obstructions like trees or bushes, or any other structures which could interfere with the user's safe passage. In addition the ramp's surface must be non-slip and hard. Some municipalities require the use of an anti-slip surface running along the ramp's entire length.

For the ramp frame choose treated lumber that is at minimum four inches wide. Create posts to anchor the ramp, making sure they are at least eight feet apart and that they extend above the level of the ground. The posts should then connect to the ramp's railings using spindles. This type of connection is preferred because it decreases the chance of the ramp operator falling off the edge of the ramp.

Then, you can build the frame of the ramp with beams of 2 by 4 inches in length and joists at least 16 inch long. Make sure that the joists are at a minimum of 18 inches above the ground and that they're secured with Joist hangers which are nails that hold the inside of the joists to stop them from sliding out of place. Attach the ramp decking using framing nails.

Install an upper landing close to the doorway to enable people with disabilities to navigate the doorswing with ease. This landing should be large enough to allow at least 12-24 inches of "elbow space" on the handle side for out-swing doors. For doors with in-swing the landing should be at least 58 by 60 inches to accommodate the door's threshold and the person in wheelchair who has to move backwards through the doorway.

Install a level landing when you change the direction of the ramp to stop wheelchairs from having to hit their brakes at corners. A level landing also makes it easier to move the ramp away from the way if necessary, so that lawnmowers or other equipment can go under it.

Materials

The materials used to construct the ramp for wheelchairs can be either concrete, wood or aluminum. A professional ramp installation service can help you decide which is best for your home or business. When selecting the material for the ramp, it's crucial to consider your budget and specific needs. The ramp must also be simple to maintain and safe to use. Some cities require that the ramp be paved with a non-slip surface.

Be sure to inquire with your local government for permits prior to building or purchasing any materials. Also, be certain to follow the local building codes. The wrong materials or construction techniques could create hazardous conditions for wheelchair users. You can find the most up-to-date information on construction requirements at the building department of your local government office library or online.

Wood ramps are the least expensive option for ADA ramp materials. However, they require more maintenance. The surface of wood ramps need to be regularly treated with a sealer in order to stop warping and rot. Wood can splinter and be dangerous for people using wheelchairs. Wood ramps may also require additional support to ensure that the structure is standing and steady.

Concrete ramps are expensive, but are durable and long lasting. They are also heavy, which means more labor to install and can make moving the ramp after it's no longer needed difficult. Concrete ramps are able to withstand the weight of heavy power wheelchairs.

Aluminum ramps weigh less than concrete or steel however they possess the same strength and corrosion resistance. They are also cheaper than iron or steel, which makes them an excellent choice for those on a limited budget. Aluminum is also green, since it is found naturally in the earth's crust and can be recycled.

The ramp's upper landing must be at a level level or within 3/8 inches of the threshold of the door to allow wheelchairs with smaller wheels to move over the ramp without becoming stuck. Ramps that have gaps greater than this won't meet ADA standards. You should also make sure that the ramp is smooth transitioning from the upper landing to the surface. The final section of the ramp should be a an angled transition to prevent the abrupt stop of wheelchairs as they enter or 1109278 exit the dwelling.

Installation

A wheelchair ramp is a ramp that has a plane ramp that can be erected as an alternative to or in the place of stairs. It allows wheelchair users, as well as people who use strollers or carts to reach areas that would otherwise be difficult to access.

When choosing a wheelchair access ramp, there are many factors to consider, such as the location, height and price. The ramp should be placed closest to the door to prevent unnecessary journeys. It should be set at a height that the person using it can easily navigate. It should also be properly anchored to the ground and free of obstructions like trees or parked cars.

ADA regulations stipulate that ramps must have handrails either side. The rails must be at least 36" apart and have an even or smooth gripping surface. They must also be attached to the edge of the ramp and extend 12 inches over it. If a ramp is equipped with switchbacks or an L-shaped layout handrails should be a continuous length between the ramp's runs.

The length of the ramp is determined by the slope. However there are a few basic ramp types that can be used in all situations. For instance the threshold ramp is flush along the lip of a curb or at the threshold of a doorway, while portable ramps can be moved from one location to another and come in a variety of sizes. There are also modular aluminum ramps that can be built on site. These are often used in public or commercial areas and are typically longer than the threshold and portable ramps.

Consult with your city's building department to determine the need for a permit for an enduring ramp. It is also a good idea to consult a mobility expert to find out what type of ramp is best suited to your requirements and the space you have. In certain situations installing permanent ramps could increase the value of your house.

Maintenance

It's important to make sure your wheelchair ramp is well maintained, especially if you are going to use it often. You'll have to conduct regular inspections, and correct any structural issues as they develop. This will help ensure the ramp is in compliance with all ADA requirements and is safe for all users.

Regular cleaning of wooden ramps is necessary to remove dirt and debris that can hinder access. Cleanliness of the ramp will also stop moisture from accumulating beneath the surface and causing rot. Wood preservatives and stains only work when the ramp is clean prior to application.

Wheelchair ramps are more difficult to maintain than other ramps because they are more susceptible to wear and tear. It is crucial to have the right tools. A good set of gauge spanners as well as screwdrivers will be crucial to ensure that all fixings are tight and secure. It is also important to regularly check the handrails to ensure that they are in good working order and are free of corrosion or damage. It's possible that, over time, with repeated usage some of the fittings and bolts which hold the handrails in place may loosen and pose a serious safety risk for those using the ramp.

It is also crucial to ensure that the surface the ramp is sufficiently grippy especially in winter, when the conditions can be difficult. You'll need to sweep up any dirt, leaves or other debris that could obstruct and cause slippage. You'll also need to apply an ice melt that's non-corrosive on the ramp surface to avoid injuries and slipping.

Consider buying "snow tires" or traction wheels for your wheelchair if you intend to use it during the winter. These wheels are made to be more efficient on snowy and uneven surfaces. They can help you remain on your ramp longer than normal wheelchair tires. You can also make use of heating pads or heating tape to melt snow and ice on the ramp prior to it accumulates.